CH1 PT 2
Ebbinghaus (Germany 1850-1909)
-known for the learning curve, and the exponential forgetting curve
-was the first psychologist that conducted an scientific experiment (with an IV and DV)
- spaced studying is the best way to study
retrieval- saving time re-learning material you already know.
Ivan Pavlov (Russia 1849-1936)
- was a physiologist studying digestion
-dogs started to salivate before he gave them food!
-association -- ideas borrowed by Aristotle
-classical conditioning : new connections processed
- he made experimental manipulations: different bells and sound to leanr about the basics of association.
Thorndike (America 1874-1949)
-used graphs to measure the rate of learning
- believed if an action has a reward the action become stamped in the mind
- law of effect- behaviors with positive effects are repeated whereas negatives effects are not repeated. how creatures develop new habits.
know each psychologist, a summary of what they did******
CH 1 PT 3
5 principles of behaviorism (we can't observe dreams, feelings, processes)
1) behavior is observable
2) behavior is quantifiable. It's can be controlled by a regulating experience ( IV, DV)--Aristotle, Ebbinghaus, Thorndike
3) there is an evolutionary Perspective -- Darwin
4)Focus on quantitative--Decarte
5) Focus on the law of effect, behavior is not shaped by subconscious but by past experience; we repeat things that give rewarda nd avoid punishments. -- thorndike
Key figures: John Watson (baby ), B.F Skinner (America)
they believed that everything had to be observable.
New behavorism. EDward Tolman L argued you miss things when you only focus on whats observatible
cognitive approach key figures:
gorden bower (1932) insight: the moment when you suddenly realize something.. that AHA! moment,
George miller (1920-2012) - realized that didget span limits represent an overload of a memory system wiht a cap of 7 +- 2 items unless we rehearse things.
Women in Psycs
naji
elizabeth walkis
tresen
nancy camerature- momdern neuro psychologist
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